Early Diagnostics

• Biomedical Engineering, Semester 3, position 2

The goal of this course is to introduce students to the molecular mechanisms of cancer development and existing methods for early diagnostics. Through critical approach to existing methods, and mastering the latest noninvasive or minimally invasive methods for early detection of cancer, student is enabled to take part in modern scientific research and development of new diagnostic methods, as well as application and improvement of existing methods in biomedical practice.

Upon successful completion of this course, students shall be able to: •Understand principles of medical diagnostic devices •Understand methods of medical image forming across various medical imaging modalities •Perform measurements using Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy in the early diagnostics of cancer •Propose and define the appropriate hardware and software solutions for existing devices for early diagnostics in terms of improvement •To write and present scientific work in accordance with the standards of professional quality

Introduction to cancer research: risk factors, structural, energy and informational differences between normal and cancer cell. Genetics and biochemistry of cancer. Cell cycles: chromosomes and chromosome duplication. Spindle apparatus. Regulatory mechanisms. Cell cycles in healthy and cancer cells. Molecular basics of cancer: tumor markers, mechanism of action. Types and suitable choice of marker for diagnostic procedure. Demonstrating clinical value of a diagnostic test. Sensitivity and specificity. Existing methods, techniques, and tools for diagnostics. Мethods of medical image forming across various medical imaging modalities: X-ray, Computerized Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medical Ultrasonography, Nuclear Medicine. Medical image processing for cancer diagnostics: traditional approach and artificial intelligence methods. Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy application in early diagnostics of cancer (cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, oral cavity cancer and melanoma).

1. Instructions for acquiring scientific literature, instructions on methodology for scientific research. 2. Image processing and analysis in MATLAB 3. Laboratory work: optomagnetic spectroscopy in early detection of cervical cancer (smear test). Comparison with PAP test.

Defined by the curriculum of study module Biomedical Engineering.

1. Written course material (handouts) 2. MATLAB 3. Optomagnetic imaging spectroscopy device - instruments available in the laboratory of Biomedical Engineering department – Nanolab

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 18
Laboratory exercises: 6
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 6
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 5
Test: 5
Test: 0
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 10
Test/test: 40
Laboratory practice: 0
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 20
Final exam: 30
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 35

М. Papić-Obradović, Early diagnostics of epithelial cancer detection, Don Vas, Belgrade, 2012, , ISBN: 978-86-87471-24-5 (in Serbian); L. Popović Maneski, B. Jeftić, N. Malešević, Signals and Systems in Rehabilitation, 2nd edition, Akademska Misao, Belgrade 2019, ISBN: 978-86-7466-794-1 (in Serbian); Dj. Koruga, A. Tomić, System and Method for Analysis of Light-matter Interaction Based on Spectral Convolution, US Patent Pub. No.: 2009/0245603, Pub. Date: Oct. 1, 2009; J. Mendelsohn, J.W. Gray, P.M. Howley, M.A. Israel, C.B. Thompson, The molecular basis of cancer, Elsevier, 2015, ISBN: 978-1-4557-4066-6; J.T. Bushberg, J.A. Seibert, E.M. Leidholdt, J.M. Boone, The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, 2012, ISBN 978-0-7817-8057-5