Airfoils and Lifting Surfaces of Aircraft

The objective is to familiarize students with the geometric and aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils and lifting surfaces of aircraft, and specific characteristics of flow field and its modeling and optimizing around different types of airfoils and lifting surfaces at subsonic and supersonic speeds, using contemporary calculation methods and tools.

After completing the course, the student will be able to understand and explain different aspects of correlations between airfoil shapes and their aerodynamic characteristics. Student will also acquire knowledge about rational selection, configuring and calculations of aerodynamic characteristics of lifting surfaces, depending on their application.

Historical perspective. Design characteristics and notation of airfoil families. Aerodynamic characteristics. Drag coefficient components. Influence of viscosity. Laminar airfoils. Compressibility effects (subcritical and supercritical flow). Supercritical airfoils. Supersonic airfoils. Experimental techniques (methods of pressures and forces, energy methods and optical methods). Theoretical modeling of airfoils (singularity methods, thin airfoil theory, droplet method, conformal mapping). Types and basic characteristics of lifting surfaces. Planar and non-planar lifting surfaces. The "C" wing and ring wing. Grid lifting surfaces. Mathematical model of flow around lifting surfaces. Vortex line theory. Lifting surface methods. Biplane theory. Wing tip optimization, winglets. Source and sink methods in lifting surface calculations. Small disturbance methods. Method of characteristics. Conical flow fields. Swept wing in transonic and supersonic flow. Leading edge types. Wing-fuselage interference, wing leading edge extensions (strake). Delta wings. Airfoil and wing control surfaces (ailerons, flaps, slots, tabs and spoilers). CFD modeling and analysis of aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils and lifting surfaces.

None.

None.

Lectures in electronic form, flow simulation examples via the demo movies and clips, and graphical simulations available through the virtual workshop (program MOODLE), internet resources. Vlaero CFD software. Ansys FLUENT 14.

Total assigned hours: 65

New material: 50
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 0

Auditory exercises: 0
Laboratory exercises: 0
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 0
Test: 0
Test: 0
Final exam: 15

Activity during lectures: 0
Test/test: 20
Laboratory practice: 0
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 50
Final exam: 30
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 30

I. Kostić, Z. Stefanović: Airfoils and Lifting Surfaces of Aircraft, Handouts, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineeering, Belgrade, 2014.; R. T. Jones & D.Cohen: High Speed Wing Theory, Princeton University Press, 1980.; I. Kroo: Nonplanar Wing Concepts for Increased Aircraft Efficiency, von Karman Institute lecture series on Innovative Configurations and Advanced Concepts for Future Civil Aircraft, 2005.; J. Katz, A. Plotkin: Low Speed Aerodynamics from Wing Theory to Panel Method, McGraw-Hill Co., Singapore, 1991.