• Weapon Systems, Semester 3, position 3

The main goal of the subject is that students understand the importance, the basic concepts and methods of terminal ballistics, as an integral part of the science of weapons systems. Students should understand the key ideas about the projectile/target interaction and their use in projectile design as well as ballistic protection.

After successful completion of the course, students should be able to: - define all types of projectiles/warheads action on targets, - calculate the main parameters of all types of penetration processes, - analyze the characteristics of blast effect, - model the mechanisms of high-explosive projectiles fragmentation effect, - apply the experimental methods for determination of projectile efficiency parameters, - understand the functional composition and the fundamentals of fuze design.

1. Scope of terminal ballistics The effect of projectile on target. Types of projectiles. Types of targets. Tasks of terminal ballistics. Behavior of materials under dynamic conditions. 2. Penetration mechanics Fundamentals of penetration mechanics. Armor piercing projectiles. Experimental determination of penetration. Long rod penetration. Shaped charge jet penetration. 3. Fragmentation Mechanism of projectile fragmentation. Fragment velocity. Mass distribution of fragments. Experimental determination of the efficiency of fragmentation projectile. 4. Blast effect Shock wave, pressure and impulse. Blast effect of projectiles. Underground explosion. Underwater explosion 5. Fuzes Classification of fuzes. Functional composition of fuzes. Calculation of reliability and safety of fuzes. Testing of fuzes.

1. Approaches to solving problems in terminal ballistics Examples of target kill probability. Models of material behavior under dynamic loads. 2. Penetration/Perforation Simple penetration models penetration for thin targets. Penetration at high velocities. 3. Penetration/Perforation Models of shape charge jet and long rod penetration. 4. Workshop - Preparation of the paper with a topic that is determined by arrangement with the student. 5. Fragmentation Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of projectile fragmentation. 6. Blast effect Determination of blast effect parameters. 7. Fuzes Models of the effect of certain types of fuzes. Calculation of reliability and safety of fuzes.

Exams passed (preferred): Projectile design, Physics of explosive processes

1. Jaramaz, S.: Warheads Design and Terminal Ballistics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2000. 2. Stamatovic, A.: Projectile design, Ivexy, Belgrade, 1995 (in Serbian) 3. Krsic, N.: Design of fuzes, VINC, Belgrade, 1986 (in Serbian) 4. Elek, P.: Manuscript for lectures, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2010.

Total assigned hours: 45

New material: 12
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 6

Auditory exercises: 5
Laboratory exercises: 0
Calculation tasks: 11
Seminar paper: 2
Project: 0
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 3
Review and grading of the project: 0
Test: 3
Test: 0
Final exam: 3

Activity during lectures: 10
Test/test: 30
Laboratory practice: 0
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 30
Project: 0
Final exam: 30
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 35

Backman, M.E.: Terminal Ballistics, NWC China Lake, California, 1976.; Carleone, J.: Tactical Missile Warheads, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, AIAA, Vol. 155, Washington, 1983.; Meyers, M.A.: Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Wiley-Interscience, 1994.; Elek, P.: Terminal ballistics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2018. (in Serbian); Elek, P., Jaramaz, S., Micković, D.: Fragmentation of the case od HE projectiles: Fragment mass distribution laws and physically based fragmentation models, MTI, 2011, ISBN 978-86-81123-23-2, pp.105