• Hidroenergetika, Semester 2, position 1

Achieving academic competence in the fields of hydraulic turbines and hydropower. Mastering theoretical knowledge of flow process through the turbines and energy transformation therein (fluid and mechanical system interaction). Obtaining practical knowledge in optimal energy and cavitation performances calculation of hydraulic turbines. Having the relevant know-how for the turbine industry, design companies and power plants.

On successful completion of this course the students will be able to: - recognize different types and constructions of hydraulic turbines, - describe the principles of operation, explain and analyze fluid flow in various hydraulic turbines, - define, calculate and analyze the specific geometry, energy and cavitation parameters of hydraulic turbines, - construct the essential components and explain their roles from the point of the optimal energy transfer process in various hydraulic turbines, - design and choose the optimal type and geometry of hydraulic turbines flow passages with the aim of high efficiency operation of hydropower plants, - define, analyze and apply universal characteristics and operational hill charts for hydraulic turbines, and their scale up (model to prototype).

Principles of operation, application and classification of hydraulic turbines. Water resource and its potential. Basic and main parameters of the turbine. Theoretical basis of flow through the turbine and energy transforming by fluid and mechanical systems interaction. Flow calculation in the turbine runner. Cavitation in turbines, cavitation coefficient and determination of the suction height. Hydraulic turbines similarity laws. Unit and specific parameters of the turbines. Energy and cavitation model parameters scale-up to a turbine prototype. Regulation of turbine discharge. Turbine characteristics: linear and universal. Operation (hill-chart) characteristics of the turbines. Turbine flow passages. Contemporary turbine constructions. Runaway characteristics. Transients in the turbines.

Auditory exercises and calculation examples: Hydropower plants operation fundamentals. Historical development, classification, properties and application of turbines. Determination of basic and main parameters (gross and net head, discharge, power, efficiency, hydraulic and mechanical power losses, rotational speed). Application of Euler's equations for the turbine. Determination of velocity triangles, relation between specific energies of turbine unit and runner, degree of reaction and hydraulic axial force. Determination of unit and specific turbine parameters. Scale-up of turbine model hydraulic efficiency characteristics and cavitation coefficient to a turbine prototype. Determination of suction height. Determination of universal and operation (hillchart) turbine characteristics. Cam curve determination. Construction of Pelton, Francis, Kaplan and bulb turbine. Choice and calculation of the spiral cases, stators, guide vanes and draft tubes of turbines. The energy recovery factor of turbine. Nomenclature of turbines. Explanatory exercises in the laboratory for hydraulic machines and energy systems, and numerical simulations: Presentation of hydraulic turbine constructions and description of a particular turbine passage function. Installations for testing hydraulic turbines and description of their operation. Presentation of numerical experiment - the turbine flow calculation using the contemporary CFD techniques. Project (carrying out the project based on instructions): Choice of turbine and calculation of its basic dimensions in accordance with the given input parameters.

Defined in the Curriculum

Božić, I.: Auditory exercises handouts Laboratory hydraulic machines and energy systems - devices, installations for testing turbines, measuring equipment and exhibits Faculty Computer Classroom

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 10
Laboratory exercises: 4
Calculation tasks: 11
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 5
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 4
Test: 6
Test: 0
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 40
Laboratory practice: 5
Calculation tasks: 10
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Final exam: 40
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 35

Мирослав Бенишек „Хидрауличне турбине“, Универзитет у Београду - Машински факултет у Београду, 2020; Иван Божић „Хидрауличне турбине - Практични примери са изводима из теорије“, Машински факултет у Београду, 2017; Божић, И.: Обновљиви извори енергије - мале хидроелектране, Универзитет у Београду - Машински факултет, 2022; Ковалев Н, „Справочник по гидротурбинам“, Машиностроение, Ленинград, 1984; Giesecke J., Heimerl S., Mosonyi E.: "Wasserkraftanlegen ‒ Planung, Bau und Betrieb", Springer – Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg., 2014