• Zavarivanje i zavarene konstrukcije, Semester 1, position 1

Fuel types. Stoichiometric combustion equations. Combustion temperature. Characterization of solid fuels, technical and fundamental analysis. Solid fuel origins, derivation, applications. Liquid fuels, origins, derivation, applications. Gaseous fuels, origins, derivation, applications. Lubricants, types and main characteristics, applications. Industrial water, types and properties. Essential characteristics of the water for industrial purposes. Problems in the use of natural waters. Water treatment for industrial applications.

Upon completion of this course students should be able to: 1 Define the concept of fuel, the criteria for the characterization of fuel and fuel types according to the adopted criteria, calculate the amount and composition of the combustion products and combustion temperature. 2 Define basic characteristics of solid fuels: moisture content, mineral content, the volatile content, carbon residue content, heating value. 3 Define basic characteristics of liquid fuel: behavior at elevated temperatures, behavior of low temperatures, density, water content and mechanical impurities, volatility, viscosity, resistance to detonation and inflammability. 4 Define the role of lubricants in engineering and basic characteristics of them 5 Define the role of water for industrial applications and the most important characteristic: hardness and acidity.

The concept of fuel. Fundamentals of combustion, the stoichiometric equations. Calculation of the quantity and composition of combustion products. The combustion temperature, types and methods of calculation. Solid fuels, origins, procedures for derivation and application. Liquid fuels, origins, procedures for derivation and application. Gaseous fuels, origins, procedures for derivation and application. Lubricants: lubricants types, main characteristics relevant for application, the application of lubricants. Industrial water: water types and basic characteristics. Preparation of water for industrial applications, methods.

The conversion from one to another mass of solid fuel. Calculation of heating value of the fuel. Elements of stoichiometry. Combustion temperature . Determination the characteristics of proximate analysis of solid fuels. Determination of heating value of solid and liquid fuels with a bomb calorimeter and the determination of heating value of gaseous and liquid fuels with Junkers calorimeter. Determination of the distillation curve. The significance of the main temperature on distillation curve. Characteristics of fuels at elevated and reduced temperatures. Quality control. Determination of the viscosity of liquid fuels and lubricants (dynamic, kinematic viscosity and relative). Determination of the basic characteristics of grease. Determination of water hardness and acidity.

No special requirements.

Laboratory equipment for the characterization of solid and liquid fuels: Calorimeter IKA C200, Device for determining the ignition temperature of liquid fuels according to the Pensky-Martens method, Analytical scales for mass measurement, Dryers, Muffle furnace

Total assigned hours: 30

New material: 7
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 5

Auditory exercises: 3
Laboratory exercises: 9
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 1
Review and grading of lab reports: 1
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 0
Test: 1
Test: 1
Final exam: 2

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 40
Laboratory practice: 10
Calculation tasks: 5
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Final exam: 40
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 20

Milan Radovanović: Fuels, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 1986 , ISBN-86-7083-246-1; Milan Radovanović: Industrial Water, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 1996, ISBN-86-7083-278-X; Aleksandar Rac: Lubricants and machine lubrication, Academic Mind, 2007, ISBN-978-86-7083-595-5; Vladimir Jovanović: Handbook for laboratory exercises in Fuel, Lubricants and Industrial Water, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, 2021 , ISBN-978-86-6060-095-2