• Poljoprivredno prehrambeno mašinstvo, Semester 2, position 5

The objective of the course is for the student to: acquire basic knowledge about biomass as fuel and biomass as energy storage; perceive the biomass types and classification; perceive the characteristics of biomass important for application (characterization of biomass - ultimate, proximate and chemical analysis); understand the modern procedures of analysis and characterization; understand the importance of biofuel standardization; perceive solid, liquid and gaseous biofuels (fuels obtained from biomass); perceive the characterization of biofuels; understand processes of thermochemical conversion of biomass (torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion), chemical conversion and anaerobic digestion; perceive the advantages and disadvantages of the biomass conversion process; understand the possibilities of using biofuels for energy purposes; perceive the importance of biofuels from the environmental aspect, understand the production path of biofuels; understand sustainability criteria for biomass and biofuels and verification of sustainability criteria; understand the basics of calculating the combustion process and the emission of polluting substances; review the phases of the combustion process and the basics of modeling; understand modern biofuel combustion systems; acquire knowledge about the possibilities of using mixtures of biofuels and fossil fuels in combustion processes; perceive the strategies of using biofuels for energy purposes and the development of technologies in accordance with world and European policies and regulations.

After successfully passing the exam in this course, the student will be able to: prepare reviews of directives and regulations for the promotion of the use of biomass as a renewable energy source; define the ways of determining and determine the potential of biofuels in the Republic of Serbia; define resources, potentials and characteristics of raw materials for biofuel production; perform comparisons of different types of biofuels; define the most important characteristics of biomass for application; evaluate the potential of different biofuels and their application for different energy technologies; use advanced knowledge on the production of different types of biofuels; perform technical, economic and environmental comparisons of different energy systems that use biofuels; make a comparative analysis of biofuels and fossil fuels; know how to make a critical assessment of logistical issues related to the possibilities of using biofuels in energy systems; make an analysis of the production path of biofuels and determine the most important stages; know how to apply sustainability criteria for different energy systems and evaluate the results of such analysis; make calculations of biofuel combustion and apply appropriate models; perform an analysis, as the next generation of energy users, to predict the consequences of the choice of energy systems.

Defining the term of biomass and biofuel in a broader sense. Biomass classification. Characteristics of biomass important for application. Biofuels in a broader sense: firewood, pellets, briquettes, wood chips, bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, etc. Basic characteristics of biofuels. Specificities of biofuels in relation to fossil fuels. Biomass thermochemical conversion processes - torrefaction, liquefaction, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion: raw materials, process characteristics and obtained products. Chemical conversions and anaerobic digestion: raw materials, process characteristics and obtained products. Advantages and disadvantages of thermochemical conversion, chemical conversion and anaerobic digestion processes. Possibilities of using biofuels for obtaining electricity and heat and fuel for traffic. Modern systems for biofuels combustion. The influence of biofuel characteristics on the choice of the best combustion technology. Calculation of the combustion process and phases of biofuel combustion. Modeling of the biofuel combustion process. Biofuels and the environment: fuel production path, sustainability criteria for biomass and biofuels. Emissions of polluting substances during the combustion of biofuels. Strategies for using biofuels for energy purposes.

Basics of biofuel characterization and specificities in relation to fossil fuels. Characterization of solid biofuels. Conversion of composition from one basis to another for solid biofuels. Characterization of liquid biofuels. Characterization of gaseous biofuels. Calculation and experimental determination of the heating value of biofuels. Elements of stoichiometry and determination of emissions of pollutants from the combustion process. Determination of physical and chemical characteristics of liquid biofuels. Basics of modeling the biofuel combustion process. Basics of measurement in modern biofuel combustion systems.

No special requirements.

Laboratory equipment: bomb calorimeter, high temperature furnace, dryer, analytical balance, simultanous thermal analyser (TG+DTG), mass spectrometer, equipment for flash point determination, viscometer, aerometer.

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 8
Laboratory exercises: 18
Calculation tasks: 4
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 1
Review and grading of lab reports: 3
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 0
Test: 1
Test: 5
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 40
Laboratory practice: 10
Calculation tasks: 5
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Final exam: 40
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 30

Nebojsa Manic, Bojan Jankovic, Dragoslava Stojiljkovic, Milos Radojevic, Basics of biomass thermochemical conversion, pp. 225, ISBN: 978-86-6060-124-9, Faculty of Mecahnical Engineering Belgrade, 2022; Wim van Swaaij, Sascha Kersten, Wolfgang Palz, BIOMASS POWER for the World, pp. 727 , ISBN 978-981-4613-89-7, Taylor & Francis, 2015.; Rutz D., Janssen: BioFuel Technology Handbook, Intelligent Energy Europe, 2007.; Loo S., Koppejna J.: The Handbook of Biomass Combustion & Co-firing, Earthscan, 2007