• Industry Engineering, Semester 3, position 4
• Procesna tehnika i zaštita životne sredine, Semester 3, position 4
• Automatic Control, Semester 3, position 4
• Hidroenergetika, Semester 3, position 4

Achieving academic compentence in the field of small hydropower plants, hydromechanical equipment and hydro energy. Obtaining practical knowledge in small hydropower plants designing and the content of the technical project documentation. Mastering knowledge of how to choose and calculate hydromechanical equipment installed in small hydroelectric stations. Developing the ability to find the optimal solution by combining a wide range of acquired theoretical and practical knowledge and using multicriteria methods. Improving individual creative abilities in performing professional design of small hydropower plants.

On successful completion of this course the students will be able to: - define, plan and organize the phases of project design, build up and operation of small hydropower plants, - apply the empirical data to the choice and calculation of hydraulic turbines and equipment (trash racks, valves, pipes etc.) with the aim of high efficiency operation of small hydro power plants, - check the adopted geometry and operating characteristics by basic analysis of the transient operating regimes and water hammer phenomenon, - collect, analyze and present the calculation results, - choose the best solution to the specific case by analyzing more possible solutions from the point of energy efficiency, - work as a part of a team as well as demonstrate their entrepreneurial skills.

Renewable energy resources. Significance, historical development and types of small hydro plants (SHPP). Opportunities for hydropower use in the world and in Serbia. Law regulations regarding the SHPP construction and electricity generation therein. Input data basis for SHPP design. Main SHPP parameters. SHPP design. Piping installation and calculation. SHPP powerhouse. Small, mini and micro hydraulic turbines. Hydromechanical equipment in SHPP. Fundamentals of governing systems and electrical equipment. Transients in small hydropower plants. Waterhammer. Waterhammer calculation methods. SHPP waterhammer protection. Auxiliary systems in small hydro plants. Energy and economic project analysis.

The design phases and the accompanying technical documentation. Analysis of the input data basis for the design. The basic parameters of SHPP. The calculation of main turbine parameters during designing process (dimensions of runner, spiral case, draft tube, suction head, reference level of turbine in relation to tail water level, minimum, nominal and maximun power). Turbines’ energy and cavitation characteristics. Turbine regulation and governing systems. Practical calculation examples from hydromechanical systems design. Additional systems in SHPP. Waterhammer calculation examples. Choice of types, number of pipelines and the pipes diameters. Trash rack and its cleaning mechanisms. Valve sample calculation. Determination of hydraulic measurements methods. Demonstration of small Pelton turbine operation in the Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery and Energy Systems. Visiting small hydro plants in the electric power systems.

It is desirable to have some of the BSc or MSc subjects on Hydraulic machinery and energy systems department passed or attended.

Benisek, M.: Lecture handouts (Hydro-mechanical plants, Hydro-mechanical equipment) Bozic, I.: Auditory exercise handouts (Hydro-mechanical plants) Laboratory for hydraulic machines and energy systems - devices and installations.

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 14
Laboratory exercises: 2
Calculation tasks: 8
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 6
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 1
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 5
Review and grading of the project: 0
Test: 4
Test: 0
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 20
Laboratory practice: 5
Calculation tasks: 10
Seminar paper: 30
Project: 0
Final exam: 30
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 40

Иван О. Божић „Обновљиви извори енергије - мале хидроелектране“, Универзитет у Београду - Машински факултет, 2022; Ђорђевић, Б.: Хидроенергетско коришћење вода, Грађевински факултет у Београду, 2001.; Иван О. Божић „Хидрауличне турбине - Практични примери са изводима из теорије“, Универзитет у Београду - Машински факултет, 2017; Warnick, C.C.: Hydropower engineering, Prentice-Hall.Inc, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1984; Ристић Б., Миленковић Д.: Мале хидроелектране-водне турбине, Научна књига, Београд, 1996