• Semester 5, position 5

The objective of the course is for the student to: acquire basic knowledge about current and future energy needs in the world and in the Republic of Serbia; perceive the modern energy systems; understand the importance of using and classification of renewable energy sources, the advantages and disadvantages of using them; master the basic terms and definitions in the field of renewable energy sources; perceive the engineering aspects of the use of renewable sources in the field of energy with a special presentation of the possibility of replacing conventional energy systems with modern technologies; understand the possibilities and importance of applying renewable energy sources in the world and in the Republic of Serbia; understand ways of using biomass; understand the basic characteristics of biomass important for energy use; understand the ways of biomass conversion (thermochemical conversion processes, fermentation, pressing and extraction); perceive the possibilities of producing solid, liquid and gaseous fuels from biomass; perceive the possibilities of using biomass in the electricity sector, the thermal energy sector and the transport sector; understand the basics of modern biomass energy production technologies, analyze and review the advantages and disadvantages of modern biomass energy production technologies.

After successfully passing the exam in this course, the student will be able to: make an overview of energy production and consumption in the world and in the Republic of Serbia; define renewable energy sources and determine their participation in gross final energy consumption; define the potential of renewable energy sources; know the differences between types of renewable energy sources; make a choice of appropriate renewable energy sources depending on needs and methods of application; prepare reviews of directives and regulations for renewable energy sources and their promotion; know the difference between the characteristics of biomass and fossil fuels; define the advantages and disadvantages of using different forms of biomass and fuels obtained from biomass in relation to fossil fuels; define the most important characteristics of biomass for use in energy purposes; perform the necessary recalculations of biomass characteristics; perform basic calculations for combustion of different forms of biomass in various devices; determine the necessary quantities of biomass for the production of electricity and/or thermal energy, that is, for the production of fuel for the transport sector; analyze the characteristics of biomass and determine the possibilities for its application for energy purposes; know the advantages and disadvantages of different technologies for energy production using biomass in industry, households and transport; make an overview of different ways of presenting the prices of biomass and fuel obtained from biomass; define the basic costs of different technologies for the use of biomass.

A brief history of energy consumption in the world, environmental impact and energy production from fossil fuels. Types of renewable energy sources (RES) and their basic characteristics (especially biomass). Importance of using RES. Possibilities of using RES. Types of energy systems for energy production using biomass conversion. Raw materials, forms and ways of using biomass for energy production. Methods of biomass conversion. Production of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels from biomass, special requirements during the production process. Social and environmental impact of the production and use of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels from biomass. Brief overview and explanation of the cost of energy produced from RES and comparison with conventional energy systems using fossil fuels.

Recalculation of energy units in order to determine energy needs. Basics of characterization of different forms of biomass and specificities in relation to fossil fuels. Characterization of solid biomass and determination of proximate and ultimate analysis data. Conversion of composition from one basis to another for solid biomass. Determining the heating value of biomass computationally and experimentally. Comparison of different formulas for computational determination of heating value. Elements of stoichiometry and determination of emissions of pollutants from the combustion process. Basics of calculations for biomass combustion in modern systems. Basics of measurement in modern biomass combustion systems.

No special requirements.

Laboratory equipment: bomb calorimeter, high temperature furnace, dryer, analytical balance, simultanous thermal analyser (TG+DTG), mass spectrometer, equipment for flash point determination, viscometer, aerometer.

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 18
Laboratory exercises: 8
Calculation tasks: 4
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 1
Review and grading of lab reports: 1
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 0
Test: 3
Test: 5
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 40
Laboratory practice: 5
Calculation tasks: 10
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Final exam: 40
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 30

Nebojsa Manic, Bojan Jankovic, Dragoslava Stojiljkovic, Milos Radojevic, Basics of biomass thermochemical conversion, pp. 225, ISBN: 978-86-6060-124-9, Faculty of Mecahnical Engineering Belgrade, 2022; Wim van Swaaij, Sascha Kersten, Wolfgang Palz, BIOMASS POWER for the World, pp. 727 , ISBN 978-981-4613-89-7, Taylor & Francis, 2015.; Martin Kaltschmitt, Wolfgang Streicher, Andreas Wiese, “Renewable Energy: Technol- ogy, Economics and Environment”, Springer, 2007.; Aldo V. da Rosa, “Fundamentals of Renewable Energy Processes”, 2005, Academic Press.