• Biomedical Engineering, Semester 2, position 1

To enable practical implementation, in real life clinical conditions, of theoretical knowledge and R&D results in the field of biomedical technology. To provide students with adequate medical knowledge to work in clinical environment. Enabling future clinical engineers to be a part of medical team and participate in every phase of clinical activities, such as: device initialization, adequate device application, device functions in vivo testing, monitoring of medical device or system performance, protection of patients and medical stuff from potential hazards in application of certain technologies, etc. Introduction to design and maintenance of medical equipment (chirurgical tables, beds, chairs, etc.). Give a history of medical devices and technologies development with respect to related branches of medicine. Getting to know medical reasons behind the development of certain devices. Overview of medical device classification based on the role they play in the hospitalization process. General introduction to medical device maintenance. Introduction to legislation regarding medical device design and maintenance. Basics of medical device design. Introduction to ARM microcontrollers for biomedical application. Making students capable to design medical devices based on STM 32, ARM, microcontrollers.

Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to: •Apply gamma camera, PET and ultrasound in medicine •Perform surface electrical stimulation of small intensity and aactivation of afferent system - artificial perception (in the laboratory) •Perform measurements of evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation and measurement of temperature distribution (in the laboratory). •Prepare all necessary documents for obtaining ethical permission for clinical work •Prepare all necessary documents for obtaining a license to use a new instrument in the clinic. •Distinguish and define the basic principles of diagnostic devices (biochemical analyzer - ECG - Rȍ device) •Develop applications for the STM32 microcontroller for adequately defined applications

Good practices regarding work in clinical environment. Ethics, standards and IT. Concept and basic characteristics of medical device. Medical device vs medical equipment. History of medical devices development. Connection between advances in science and development of biomedical apparatus. Medical device classification. Hospitalization and associated medical instrumentation. Medical imaging – clinical applications (benefits, protection and potential hazards). DICOM standard. Electrical and magnetic stimulation - clinical applications; influence of electrical and magnetic field at a cellular level (benefits, protection and potential hazards). Clinical applications of laser. Maintenance definition. Legislation regarding medical device and equipment maintenance. Maintenance organization and planning.Overview of different approaches to maintenance. Precautions regarding medical device maintenance. Adequate working environment and prerequisites for medical device maintenance. Maintenance of various devices and equipment. Process and design stages of a medical device from an idea to a final product . Literature review: patent survey, marketing survey, setting up the requirements of the application, properties of the components of the device studied. Influence of regulatory aspects to medical device R&D chain. Setting up the schedule, work flow and budget for the project. Introduction to microprocessors, microcontrollers and embedded systems. ARM microcontrollers architecture. Possible applications of microcontrollers in biomedical devices. Acquisition and processing of biomedical signals using microcontrollers and adequate peripherals. Microcontroller programming using C. Program debugging.

Application of gamma camera and PET (at the Clinical Center of Serbia). Ultrasound applications in medicine (at the MMA). Low intensity surface electrical stimulation. Activation of afferent systems - artificial perception (in the laboratory). Measurement of evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (of Neurology CCS). Measurement of temperature distribution (in the laboratory). Group exercises - projects: 1. Preparation of material for obtaining ethical permission for clinical work and 2. Preparation of material for obtaining a license to use a new clinical equipment/device. Basics of operation and maintenance of a variety of devices at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Dedinje": Diagnostic devices: - Biochemical analyzer - ECG - Rȍ aparatus Medical intervention devices: - An electro-scalpel - Anesthesia machine Devices for patient care: - Respirator - Monitor - Syringe pump Auxiliary devices, therapeutic devices and medical devices in general. Application development for the STM32 microcontroller for the usage of triaxial accelerometer for acceleration monitoring of the individual body parts in various movements. Developing applications for the STM32 microcontroller for the usage of DS1820 temperature sensor for monitoring body temperature of a patient. Development of simple BAN (Body Area Network).

Attending requirements are defined by the curriculum of the study program/module.

1. Written course material (handouts). 2. Printed manuals. 3. DAQ hardware. 4. Personal computers with installed data acquisition and processing software: LabView and MATLAB. 5. Four mikroACQ Kit 3 - STM32 ARM kits with adequate peripherals.

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 0
Laboratory exercises: 10
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 20
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 10
Test: 0
Test: 3
Final exam: 2

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 30
Laboratory practice: 0
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 30
Final exam: 35
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 35

Barbara L. ChristeI: Introduction to Biomedical Instrumentation. Cambridge University Press, 2009.; Bronzino, J.D. (Ed.): The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, 2. ed. CRC Press, 2000.; Myer Kutz (Ed.): Biomedical Engineering and Design Handbook, 2. ed. McGraw-Hill, 2009.; I. Hut, B. Jeftic: MATLAB i Microsoft Office za inženjere (autorizovane skripte), 2022.; E. White: Making Embedded Systems. O´REILLY MEDIA, 2011.