• Thermal Energy, Semester 1, position 1

1. Achieve academic competence in the field of steam turbines and thermal power engineering. 2. Acquire theoretical knowledge of the conversion of heat into mechanical work, with a focus on thermodynamic processes and equipment (steam turbines and steam turbine power plants). 3. Acquire practical knowledge and skills for the calculation and optimization of thermodynamic cycles and steam turbines. 4. The achievement of the techniques of process modeling. 5. Mastering the methods of experimental work in thermal power engineering.

On completion of this program, the student will be able to: - identify thermodynamic cycle parameters that affect the performance and optimization of the steam turbine thermodynamic cycle; - perform calculations of the heat balance diagram, the steam expansion process in the turbine, and the processes in the condenser and feedwater heaters; - determine the main thermodynamic parameters of a steam power plant that define its operational performance; - establish control boundaries and perform the balance of the turbine plant and the entire power plant in accordance with the first and second laws of thermodynamics; - calculate the main gas-dynamic parameters (row efficiency, loss coefficient, flow deflection, and exit flow angle) of a steam turbine cascade based on geometric and operating parameters; - apply the one-dimensional theory of compressible fluid flow to the one-dimensional design of a turbine stage; - identify and select the type of stage between impulse and reaction; - communicate professionally and accurately using appropriate terminology from the field.

Theoretical instruction is delivered through ten teaching modules: 1.) Thermodynamic principles of steam turbines and steam turbine cycles. Thermodynamic improvements, increase of live steam temperature and pressure, condensation, and reduction of condensation pressure. 2.) Reheating. Regenerative feedwater heating. Basic thermodynamic cycles and heat balance diagrams. 3.) Steam turbine power plant from the perspective of the 1. and 2. laws of thermodynamics. 4.) Fluid dynamics fundamentals of steam turbines; gas-dynamic processes in steam turbines. 5.) Steam turbine cascades, geometric and operating parameters. Main gas-dynamic parameters of steam turbine cascades. 6.) Aerodynamic losses in cascades. 7.) One-dimensional theory of elementary stages of steam turbines. Euler’s equation for turbines. Stage efficiency. 8.) Axial elementary impulse stage. 9.) Axial elementary reaction stage of Parsons type. 10.) Internal stage efficiency, internal losses, and determination of main stage dimensions.

Practical teaching is conducted through: Lectures: Basic principles, historical development, classification, and applications of steam turbines./ Explanation of heat balance diagrams and the operation of components in steam turbine plants./ Instructions for calculating heat balance diagrams and the main thermodynamic parameters of steam turbine plants./ Guidance on creating energy and exergy balances of steam turbine plants according to the 1. and 2. laws of thermodynamics; Project work: Calculation of heat balance diagrams, main thermodynamic parameters, and overall balance of the steam turbine plant; Laboratory work: Experimental determination of the specific steam consumption of steam turbines at the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory.

Passed exams in Thermodynamics and Fluid mechanics.

Petrovic, M.: Steam turbines, script, 2023 Petrovic, M.: Instruction for steam turbine project, Belgrade, 2017. Petrovic, M.: Scripts and handouts for Steam turbines Instructions for performing laboratory exercises Software package for calculating of properties of steam and water

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 9
Laboratory exercises: 4
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 17
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 1
Review and grading of seminar papers: 7
Review and grading of the project: 2
Test: 0
Test: 0
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 10
Laboratory practice: 5
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 30
Final exam: 50
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 25

Petrovic, M.: Steam turbines, script, 2023; Stojanovic, Themal Turbomachinery, Gradjevinska knjiga, Belgrade, 1967; Vasiljevic, N.: Steam turbines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgarde, 1987; Traupel,W.: Thermische Turbomaschinen, Springer verlag, Berlin, 1982; Leyzerovich, A.: Steam Turbines for Modern Fossil-Fuel Power Plants, CRC Press, 2008