• Thermal Energy, Semester 2, position 1

1. Achieve academic competence in the field of steam turbines and thermal power engineering. 2. Acquire theoretical knowledge of the conversion of heat into mechanical work, with a focus on thermodynamic processes and equipment (steam turbines and steam turbine power plants). 3. Acquire practical knowledge and skills for the calculation and optimization of thermodynamic cycles and steam turbines. 4. The achievement of the techniques of process modeling. 5. Mastering the methods of experimental work in thermal power engineering.

On completion of this programme, it is expected that the student will be able to: - Perform optimization calculations of the turbine stage and select dimensionless stage parameters. - Select the type of turbine cascade, design airfoils, and calculate the corresponding losses. - Develop a turbine concept regarding the number of cylinders and flow paths. - Determine the number of turbine stages. - Conduct detailed calculations of turbine stages, determining the main dimensions of the steam turbine. - Apply the theory of three-dimensional flow to turbine stages. - Perform basic design of a steam turbine based on the conducted calculations. - Understand the operational and design challenges of the last steam turbine stage. - Analyze strength-related issues of various steam turbine components. - Analyze main vibration problems of the structural elements of the steam turbine. - Select regulation methods and analyze the operation of the steam turbine under off-design conditions.

Theoretical teaching is delivered through 10 modules: 1.) Three-dimensional flow in steam turbine stages. 2.) Three-dimensional flow in stages with long blades. 3.) Design of steam turbines. 4.) Multistage steam turbines. 5.) Blades — design, stress analysis, constant strain blades, vibration, and erosion. 6.) Steam turbine rotors — construction, stress, and vibration. 7.) Steam turbine casings — design, stress, deformation, and thermal expansion. Commissioning of steam turbines: start-up, heating, and cooling. 8.) Steam turbine bearings — design and lubrication. Labyrinth seals. Protective devices of steam turbines. 9.) Operating characteristics of steam turbines, consumption cone. 10.) Regulation of steam turbines — thermodynamic and functional challenges.

Practical training is carried out through: Auditory exercises: Instructions for the project; Calculation and design of steam turbines; Selection of blade profiles; Design of high-, medium-, and low-pressure turbines; Calculation of the number of stages; Calculation of the turbine’s last stage; Project development: Calculation and design of steam turbines. Laboratory exercises: Measurement of rotor vibrations and determination of natural frequencies of steam turbine blades at the Laboratory of Mechanical Engineering. Excursion: Visit to a thermal power plant in Serbia.

Passed exams in Thermodynamics and Fluid mechanics.

Petrovic, M.: Steam turbines, script, 2023 Petrovic, M.: Instruction for steam turbine project, Belgrade, 2017 Petrovic, M.: Scripts and handouts for Steam turbines Instructions for performing laboratory exercises Software package for calculating of properties of steam and water

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 14
Laboratory exercises: 4
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 12
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 1
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 7
Test: 2
Test: 0
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 5
Test/test: 10
Laboratory practice: 5
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 30
Final exam: 50
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 25

Petrovic, M.: Steam turbines, script, 2023; Stojanovic, Themal Turbomachinery, Gradjevinska knjiga, Belgrade, 1967; Vasiljevic, N.: Steam turbines, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgarde, 1987; Traupel,W.: Thermische Turbomaschinen, Springer verlag, Berlin, 1982; Leyzerovich, A.: Steam Turbines for Modern Fossil-Fuel Power Plants, CRC Press, 2008