• Semester 4, position 1

Understanding the basic thermodynamic laws of energy transformations from one form to another, as well as knowledge of the state, state changes and thermodynamic characteristics of substances involved in energy transformation processes. Understanding the principles of operation of heat engines and refrigeration devices and knowledge of fundamentals of the energy transfer by heat.

Upon successful completion of this course students should be able to: • Implement the law of conservation of energy for different processes in thermodynamic systems; • Determine the properties of different substances (ideal gases and their mixtures, water–steam and other pure substances) as well as the performed work and amount of the transferred heat in different thermodynamic changes of state of substances; • Implement the Second law of thermodynamics for processes in thermodynamic systems; • Explain the thermodynamic principle of operation of heat engines and analyze basic heat engines cycles (Carnot, in IC engines, the gas-turbine and steam-turbine plants and others); • Explain the thermodynamic principle of operation of refrigeration equipment and heat pumps and analyze the basic refrigeration cycles (Carnot, air and vapor compression cycles); • Calculate and analyze the basic modes of heat transfer (conduction, convection, radiation, combined heat transfer phenomena).

Basic thermodynamic concepts. Thermodynamic system, state properties, state changes. Postulates of thermodynamics. Energy of the system, internal energy, modes of energy transfer, heat, work. Energy conservation law: First law of thermodynamics for closed system, heat capacity, enthalpy, First law of thermodynamics for open system. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, reversible and irreversible thermodynamic processes. Ideal gas equation of state. Polytropic state changes of ideal gas. Mixtures of ideal gases. Real pure substances – water vapor: phases, diagrams of state, state changes. Cycles of heat engines; Carnot cycle; basic cycles of the internal combustion engines, gas-turbine and vapor-turbine power plants. Basic refrigeration cycles. Fundamentals of the energy transfer by heat: conduction, convection, radiation, combined transfer.

Determining the state properties. First law of thermodynamics for closed system, quantity of heat, performed work, thermodynamic system energy change. Specific heat capacity, specific heat capacities of gases. First law of thermodynamics for open system. Second law of thermodynamics, entropy change of the isolated thermodynamic system. Ideal gas equation of state. Polytropic state changes of ideal gas, examples, presentation in diagrams of state. Determining thermodynamic quantities and applying thermodynamic laws on mixtures of ideal gases. Real pure substances – water vapor: diagrams of state, state properties, state changes. Cycles of heat engines; basic cycles of the internal combustion engines, gas-turbine and vapor-turbine power plants. Basic refrigeration cycles. Numerical exercises of the energy transfer by heat.

As defined by the program of studies curriculum.

1. Gojak, M., Rudonja, N, Todorović, R.; Thermodynamics, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2024 2. Handouts (each professor) 3. Banjac M.: Book of solved problems problems in thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2024 4. Banjac M.:Book of tests in thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2024 5. Vasiljević, B†, Banjac M.: Thermodynamics Handbook - tables and diagrams, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2024

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 24
Laboratory exercises: 0
Calculation tasks: 6
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 3
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 0
Test: 6
Test: 4
Final exam: 2

Activity during lectures: 0
Test/test: 60
Laboratory practice: 0
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 0
Final exam: 40
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 30

Gojak, M., Rudonja, N., Todorovic, R.; Thermodynamics, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, 2024(in Serbian); Handouts (in Serbian); Banjac, M.: Book of solved problems problems in thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2024(in Serbian); Banjac, M.: Book of tests in thermodynamics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2024 (in Serbian); Vasiljevic, B.†, Banjac, M.: Thermodynamics Handbook - tables and diagrams, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, 2024 (in Serbian)