Achieving competencies and academic skills as well as methods for their acquisition. Development of creative abilities and mastery of practical skills specific to performing the profession. The goals are concrete and achievable and fully in line with the established basic tasks and goals of the study program.

Student acquires subject-specific abilities that are essential for the quality of professional activities: analysis, synthesis and prediction of solutions and consequences; application of knowledge in practice; linking the basic knowledge in various fields with their application to solve specific problems.

Cooling needs of industrial and other facilities; Natural and artificial refrigeration; Application of refrigeration and heat pumps; Methods of producing low temperatures; Air cycle refrigeration systems; Ideal reverse Brayton cycle; Vapour compression refrigeration systems; The Carnot vapour compression refrigeration cycle; Improvements of vapour compression cycle (subcooling, multistage throttling, multistage compression with intercooling); Standard vapour compression refrigeration facilities; Multi-evaporator system with individual compressor; Cascade systems; The specific refrigeration effects; Primary and secondary refrigerants, Refrigerant selection criteria, Designation of refrigerants; Refrigeration compressors (systematization, application); Reciprocating refrigeration compressors (basic elements, basic parameters of operation), Operating characteristics (performance) of reciprocating refrigeration compressors, Processes in an ideal and actual compressor, Volumetric efficiency, Actual compression process, Capacity control of reciprocating compressors; Rotary refrigeration compressors, twin screw compressors; Auxiliary equipment in refrigeration: automation, thermostatic expansion valve, oil separators, etc.

Auditory training: thermal insulation, selection of insulation materials, the diffusion of water vapor through thermal insulation layer, vapour barrier, calculation of refrigeration load, characteristic examples of refrigeration cycle. Design project of refrigeration system, for a particular object and refrigerant (work in groups of 5 students): calculation and selection of insulating structures, determination of refrigeration load, thermodynamic calculation of refrigeration cycle, equipment selection, etc. Laboratory exercise: demonstration of refrigeration installation in an industrial facility.

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Handouts, 2026 (available in advance for each week of classes)

Total assigned hours: 75

New material: 20
Elaboration and examples (recapitulation): 10

Auditory exercises: 10
Laboratory exercises: 5
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 15
Consultations: 0
Discussion/workshop: 0
Research study work: 0

Review and grading of calculation tasks: 0
Review and grading of lab reports: 0
Review and grading of seminar papers: 0
Review and grading of the project: 5
Test: 5
Test: 0
Final exam: 5

Activity during lectures: 0
Test/test: 30
Laboratory practice: 0
Calculation tasks: 0
Seminar paper: 0
Project: 20
Final exam: 50
Requirement for taking the exam (required number of points): 26

M. Markoski: Refrigeration, Mechanical Engineering, 2006; Handouts, 2026 (available in advance for each week of classes)